Презентация на тему "The United Kingdom of Great Britain". Презентация на тему «Великобритания Введение нового материала

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Area- 244,000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. The capital of the UK is London.

The British Isles are separated from the continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain The Severn is the longest river; the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

The UK is one of the world"s smaller countries. Its population is over 58 million. About 80% of the population live in cities.

In practice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Buckingham Palace is the London home of the Queen. When the flag is flying on the top she is at home. Reign-царствовать Elected-избранный Chamber-палата

THE FLAG OF THE UNITED KINGDOM IS KNOWN AS THE UNION JACK. IT IS MADE UP OF THREE CROSSES: THE CROSS OF ST. GEORGE (THE PATRON SAINT OF ENGLAND), THE CROSS OF ST. ANDREW (THE PATRON SAINT OF SCOTLAND) AND THE CROSS OF ST. PATRICK (THE PATRON SAINT OF IRELAND). THE PATRON SAINT-покровитель

England"s terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains. There are uplands in the north (the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). England"s population is about 51 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Terrain- местность Compris-состоит Plain-равнина Upland-нагорье

Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, or the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Parliament. The Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is famous for its big hour bell, known as "Big Ben". Seat-резиденция

Trafalgar Square At its centre is Nelson"s Column, which is guarded by four lion statues at its base.

LONDON BUSES IS THE SUBSIDIARY OF TRANSPORT FOR LONDON (TFL) THAT MANAGES BUS SERVICES WITHIN GREATER LONDON, UK. BUSES ARE REQUIRED TO CARRY SIMILAR RED COLOUR SCHEMES AND CONFORM TO THE SAME FARE SCHEME. SUBSIDIARY-предприятие MANAGE-управлять REQUIRED TO CARRY-необходимые для выполнения CONFORM-соответствовать

Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, Scotland shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. Occupying-занимая shares a border- граничит

Edinburgh, the country"s capital and the second largest city, is one of Europe"s largest financial centres.

Haggis- a food made from the organs of sheep and oatmeal. Kilts - traditional Scottish woolen cloth costume with a tartan or plaid pattern. This is a skirt that men wear. Bagpipers - people who play the bagpipes, a traditional Scottish instrument Oatmeal- овсянка Woolen- шерстяной Skirt- юбка Bagpiper- волынщик

The Red Dragon of Wales was introduced to Britain by the Romans some eighteen hundred years ago. On March 1 is St. David"s Day the Welsh national holiday. The daffodil is a Welsh national emblem. St. David is the patron saint of Wales. The leek is the emblem of Wales since the 16th century. Daffodil –желтый нарцисс; Patron – покровитель, заступник; Leek – лук-порей.
25 The National Museum Wales was founded by royal charter in 1907 and is now an Assembly sponsored public body. The National Museum is made up of seven sites across the country. Aberystwyth is home to the National Library of Wales. Found – закладывать, начинать строительство; public body – государственный орган; site – место; Museums, libraries

About 78% of the land surface of Wales is given over to agricultural use. However, very little of this is arable land; the vast majority consists of permanent grass pasture or rough grazing for herd animals such as sheep and cows. Surface – поверхность; Arable – пахотный; vast – обширный; Pasture, grazing – пастбище; rough - дикий; herd - стадо.

Great Britain on the map Capital: London Population:59,5 mln. Square: square km Cash: English pound Language: English

POPULATION Population grew thanks to urbanization and Industrialization. During the first half of the 18th century, the population of Great Britain increased on about 15 percent. Between 1751 and 1801, the year of the first official census, the number rose from one-half to 16 million, and between 1801 and 1851, the population grew more than two- thirds to 27 million.

Lakes… There are many rivers in Britain. They are not long but some of them are deep. The longest river is the Severn. There are many lakes in Scotland. The most beautiful is Loch Lomond. There are many mountains in the north of England and in Scotland but they are not very high. The highest mountain in Great Britain is Ben Nevis.

London is the capital of Great Britain London is the capital of the UK. It was founded by the Romans in the 1st century AD. In the 11-th century it became the capital of England. In 1215 its citizens won the right to elect their Lord Major. The town experienced tremendous growth in trade and population during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. London is the capital of the UK. It was founded by the Romans in the 1st century AD. In the 11-th century it became the capital of England. In 1215 its citizens won the right to elect their Lord Major. The town experienced tremendous growth in trade and population during the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

Economy Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It lives by manufacture and trade. Its agriculture provides only half the food it needs, the other half of its food has to be imported. Britain is one of the most highly industrialized countries in the world: every person is employed in agriculture, eleven are employed in mining, manufacturing and building. The main branches of British economy are engineering, mining, ship-building, motor vehicle manufacturing, textile, chemistry, electronics, fishing and food processing. The industrial centres of Great Britain are London, Manchester, Eirmingham, Leeds, Liverpool, Sheffield and others.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN As to its political system it is a constitutional monarchy. The power of the Queen (now Elizabeth II) is limited by Parliament which includes two Houses the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister is usually the head of the party which is in power. There are the following parties there: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal Party.

Stonehenge About 4,600 years ago – or maybe more – the Stone Age inhabitants of Britain started building an enormous stone structure. This structure is now called Stonehenge, and it is near Salisbury, in the South of England. The largest of the Stonehenge stones weigh 50 tons, and the smallest weight 5 tons. The people who started Stonehenge were primitive. They used no metal and their tools were made only of stone, bone and wood. Those primitive people usually spent all day, from sunrise to sunset, hunting, fishing and growing crops. They started to build Stonehenge in about 1,000 B. C. and finished it 600 years later. Thousands of men and women took part in building it.

Picadilly Circus It is difficult to say what"s the real centre of London, but many people choose Piccadilly circus. It is called a circus because it is round, not square like many others places. This is because it is not only central but also the heart of London"s world. Within a few hundred yards of it we find most of London"s best- know theatres and cinemas and most famous restaurants. Piccadilly Circus at night is a colorful sight.

The Houses of Parliament. The Houses of Parliament in London, known also as the Palace of Westminster, is the place where members of Parliament gather to make laws. The Palace of Westminster stands on the riverside near Westminster Abbey. Tourists always go to see them.

Saint Paul"s Cathedral Saint Paul"s Cathedral was designed in a classical Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren. It was constructed between 1675 and Many famous persons are buried in the Cathedral. Trafalgar Square was named for Lord Nelson"s naval victory in the Battle of Trafalgar. In the centre of the square is Nelson"s Column that includes his high statue. At the corners of the column are four sculptured lions. Trafalgar Square is the site of the National Gallery. Traditionally political meetings are held here. Each December a large Christmas tree sent from Norway is erected in Trafalgar Square.

National Gallery Today the picture galleries of the National Gallery exhibits it works of all the European schools of painting which existed between the 13th and 19th centuries. The most famous works among them are "Venus and Cupid" by Diego Velazquez, "Adoration of the Shepherds" by Nicolas Poussin, "A Woman Bathing" by Harmensz van Rijn Rembrandt, "Lord Heathfield" by Joshua Reynolds and many others.

BIG BEN It was under construction within several centuries since 1042, - then the first palace for king Edward- confessor has been incorporated. The modern shape has got Parliament in , when the well-known building in new gothical style with a 97-meter Hour tower (Clock Tower) on which places a bell Big Ben, and a 102-meter powerful tower of Victoria has been erected

Content. Symbols. The head of state.

The Map of Great Britain. Of the four parts which make up Great Britain England is the largest,the industrial and most densely populated part of the United Kingdom

The Coat of Arm The rose was adopted as England"s emblem around the time of the War of the roses - civil wars () between the royal house of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose) King Richard II and the Yorkists

The F lag The cross of St. George, the Patron Saint of England, is the national English flag. The flag of the UK is officially called the Union flag, because it embodies the emblems of three countries united under one monarch. The Union Flag is commonly known as the Union Jack, although the exact origin of the name is unclear.

Born April 21, 1926, London. Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor (British). Elizabeth became Queen of England on June 2, 1953 after being crowned at Westminster Abbey in London. She has three sons, Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and Price Edward and one daughter, Princess Anne.

It is popularly known as Big Ben, but this name is actually a nickname for the clock"s main bell. The tower was actually built in the 12th century when king Нenry the eight ordered his servants to, because he didnt have a watch.

Buckingham Palace. It is the residence of the Queen

Hyde Park Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers" Corner.

St.James"s Park St James"s Park is bounded by The Mall to the north, Horse Guards to the east, and Birdcage Walk to the south. The park has a small lake, St James"s Park Lake, with two islands, Duck Island (named for the lake"s collection of waterfowl), and West Island

Trafalgar Square is a square in London, that commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth"s Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square".

Westminster Abbey is one of the most famous, historic and widely visited churches not only in Britain but in the whole Christian world Westminster Abbey has had bells since 1220 and bells in use today include one 13th century and two 16th century bells. The Westminster Abbey Company of Ringers provides ringing at the Abbey for major church festivals, Royal and civic events.

Brighton. Brighton is one of the most popular seaside resorts in Britain. It is called “London-by-the sea”

The Thames is a river in southern England. It rises in Gloucestershire and flows through Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, London, Essex, and Kent. The Thames

St.Paul"s Cathedral St Paul"s Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London. The cathedral is one of London"s most visited sites.

The Tower"s primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison (particularly for high status and royal prisoners, such as the Princes in the Tower and the future Queen Elizabeth I)

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UNITED KINGDOM

The British Isles lie in the north-west of Europe. They consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and many smaller ones. Great Britain, the largest island in Europe, includes England, Scotland, and Wales. Their capital cities are London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.

Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom (U.K.)

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is head of state of the UK. Over 61 million people live in the United Kingdom.

LONDON London is the capital of England, the capital of Great Britain, and the capital of the United Kingdom. It is the largest town in Europe and one of the oldest towns in the world.

TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON The Merlin Entertainments London Eye (known more simply as The London Eye, and also known as the Millennium Wheel), at a height of 135 metres, is the largest Ferris wheel in Europe, and has become the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over three million people in one year. London Eye

Her Majesty"s Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is an historic fortress and scheduled monument in central London, on the north bank of the River Thames. It is the oldest building used by the British government. The tower"s primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison (particularly for high status and royal prisoners, such as the Princes in the Tower and the future Queen Elizabeth I). It has also served as a place of execution and torture, an armoury, a treasury, a zoo, the Royal Mint, a public records office, an observatory, and since 1303, the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Today the Tower of London is cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces. TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON The Tower of London

TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON The Tower Bridge The Tower Bridge is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London. The bridge consists of two towers which are tied together at the upper level by means of two horizontal walkways which are designed to withstand the horizontal forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers. The vertical component of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. Its present colour dates from 1977 when it was painted red, white and blue for the Queen’s Silver Jubilee. Originally it was painted a chocolate brown colour.

Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster. Originally known as Buckingham House , the building which forms the core of today"s palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site which had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was subsequently acquired by George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte, and known as "The Queen"s House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, forming three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON Buckingham Palace

The Palace of Westminster , also known as the Houses of Parliament , is the seat of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom-the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the London borough of the City of Westminster, close to the government buildings of Whitehall. The palace contains around 1,100 rooms, 100 staircases and 5 kilometres of corridors. Although the building mainly dates from the 19th century, remaining elements of the original historic buildings include Westminster Hall, used today for major public ceremonial events such as liying in state, and the Jewel Tower. After a fire in 1834, the present Houses of Parliament were built over the next 30 years. The exterior of the Palace of Westminster-especially the Clock Tower -is recognised worldwide, and is one of the most visited tourist attractions in London TOURIST ATTRACTION IN LONDON Palace of Westminster